By Subrata Satyal, Forge Intern, MPH candidate
Breast cancer disparities remain a pressing public health issue, with certain populations being disproportionately affected by the disease due to inequities in health care access. Social determinants of health and socioeconomic status significantly impact the quality and timeliness of care received, contributing to variations in breast cancer incidence, treatment and survival rates.
Social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These factors, including economic stability, education, social and community context, health and health care access, and neighborhood environment, influence a wide range of health, functioning and quality-of-life outcomes. Socioeconomic status (SES), encompassing income, education and occupation, is a significant determinant that affects individuals’ ability to access health care services, maintain a healthy lifestyle and ultimately, their health outcomes. Studies have shown that African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a later stage compared to their white counterparts, leading to poorer prognoses and higher mortality rates. This disparity is often attributed to barriers such as limited access to healthcare facilities, lack of insurance and socioeconomic challenges that impede timely screenings and treatments. Additionally, cultural and linguistic differences can hinder effective communication between patients and health care providers, further worsening disparities.
Addressing these inequities requires a multifaceted approach. Public health initiatives must focus on increasing access to affordable, high-quality screening and treatment services. Mobile mammography units and community-based screening programs can bring essential services to underserved areas, ensuring early detection and intervention. Policymakers should advocate for expanded Medicaid coverage and subsidized health care programs to reduce financial barriers for low-income individuals. For those in lower socioeconomic statuses, several strategies can help navigate these challenges. Firstly, utilizing community health resources such as free clinics and public health departments can provide access to screenings and treatment. Building strong relationships with primary care providers who can offer guidance and referrals is also crucial. Additionally, seeking support from patient advocacy groups and nonprofits, like Forge, can provide financial assistance, educational resources and emotional support. Culturally competent care is also crucial in bridging the gap. Health care providers should be trained to understand and respect cultural differences, improving patient-provider communication and trust. Community health workers and patient navigators can play a vital role in guiding patients through the health care system, offering support and resources tailored to their unique needs. These professionals can help patients understand their diagnosis, navigate treatment options and connect with necessary services, thereby reducing the burden on patients and their families.
Public awareness campaigns are essential in educating communities about the importance of regular screenings and early detection. By addressing the social determinants of health and implementing targeted interventions, we can reduce breast cancer disparities and ensure equitable health care access for all individuals, regardless of their background. These campaigns should focus on reaching marginalized communities through culturally relevant messages and channels, ensuring that everyone is informed about the benefits of early detection and available resources.
Addressing breast cancer disparities goes beyond health care—it’s about achieving justice and equity. We must foster a culture of empathy, implement policies that target the root causes of inequities and empower communities with the resources and knowledge they need. By prioritizing equitable health care access, we not only reduce the burden of breast cancer but also build stronger, more inclusive and healthier communities for all.